[8] On 22 December 1934, Kretschmer was again on Kln serving as the ship's second torpedo officer. We use cookies to improve your website experience. [34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. OTTO reached into the torrent, grabbed the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was Schnee? [42], Four days later Kretschmer began his eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. [63] On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken. Once secured dockside, the crew poses for a triumphant photo. Otto Kretschmer (Straubing, 1912. mjus 1. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. For 13 days Kretschmer sailed without success. Kretschmer was subsequently awarded the Iron Cross second class. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. An illegal "Court of Honour" was convened and headed by Kretschmer. Heinrich Bleichrodt hit and sank two. [4] He returned home upon his mother's death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident. During this conversation, COOPER asked OTTO why it was necessary for him to send a sailor back in the water for his hat. So how was it that he was sunk? Des de setembre de 1939 fins que va ser capturat al mar de 1941, va enfonsar 47 vaixell, amb un total de 274.333 tones. Correct optics: how the binoculars of the best underwater ace of the Reich became a symbol of relations with Britain #___historydocs Later, a mated pair of swans came by with their offspring, about six cygnets, and they were looking for food as well. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. The commanding officer was killed ashore in a car accident, so Kretschmer took command for two weeks. He did not return to England from his hiatus, but travelled through France, Switzerland and Italy. [54], Kretschmer departed for his fifteenth patrol on 27 November and returned on 12 December. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. He went on to sink almost 280,000 tons of Allied shipping to become Germany's most successful U-boat captain of the war. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served aboard the light cruiser Emden. Yes, OTTO was a great guy. He survived the sinking of his submarine but he was not clear yet. He mastered the English language and came to respect British education: its practical focus complemented his scientific and theoreticalbased German background. Petersen had served as Kretschmer's helmsman on every war patrol on both U-23 and U-99. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. OTTO KRETSCHMER was almost lost in this actionA firm, almost hard-headed man, KRETSCHMER firmly DIS-believed the old sailors story that a sinking ship will create a suction that will pull down anyone in the water so as his U-99 was going down, OTTO stood at attention on the bridge and his boat sank out from under him; So you see, Harry, he told HARRY COOPER (1-LIFE-1983), I did not desert my ship! [41] A notable failure on the patrol occurred in the interception of HMS Manistee. He demonstrated a cool approach to combat: his mantra one torpedo for one ship proved that the best way for his boat to succeed against a convoy was to remain surfaced as much as possible, penetrating the convoy and using the boats high speed and small silhouette to avoid retaliation. [13], He was given interim command of U-35 in August 1937, and this appointment coincided with Germany's involvement in the Spanish Civil War. U-99 tried in vain to assist Prien in U-47, against OB290. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. Kretschmer waited for the crew to take to the lifeboats before destroying the ship with a torpedo. OTTO and his L.I. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. [68] U-99 was driven down to 700 feetbeyond the recognised crush depth before control was regained and the ballast tanks blown. He very nearly drowned as, in the icy water, he no longer had the strength to climb up himself, only for a British sailor to clamber down and rescue him from the ocean. Laurentic of 18.724 brt and H.M.S. Almost every U-Boat had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather. Kretschmer and U-23 had departed from Wilhelmshaven on 25 August, one week before the start of World War II. We will tell you accurately; How it was almost KRETSCHMER who sank HMS ROYAL OAK; OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat (dugout canoe), U-23. In the following, the amplitude of the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful. After sinking the Magog, he gave his crew brandy as a reward. When giving their wartime histories, the normal U-Bootfahrer would tell what boat he rode. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. The short range of the Type II submarine allowed for operations in the North Sea, but no further. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. Does not come with case. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. Schroeder never returned. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. Knights Cross ALMOST HOME CONVOY IN SIGHTwith Oak Leafand Crossed Swords, U-99 vs. HMS LAURENTIC and HMS PATROCLEUS, OTTO KRETSCHMER served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Boats.Click here to view the entire Board. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. It was not this way with U-99. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. He studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp, a Germanborn naturalised Briton who took him under his wing, but rather than study science, he chose literature. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. [36] Kretschmer's tenth patrol (27 June21 July) yielded over 20,000GRT. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. In his bunk, OTTO felt the sharp downward angle of the boat and was immediately on his feet as the bridge watch tumbled past him all by Schnee, and now green water was flooding through the open hatch from the Zentralle to the conning tower. Kretschmer purportedly confined his remarks to the lack of air support from the Luftwaffe, a point Raeder was fully aware of. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. A fall caused fatal injuries. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Studies in Marine Corps History and Amphibious Warfare, Studies in Naval History and Sea Power series. Death: November 08, 1981 (85) Millicent, South Australia, Australia. 3 binoculars included in this lot. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. [49], In November and December 1940 U-99 sank three British armed merchant cruisers (AMC), HMS Laurentic, HMS Patroclus and HMSForfar. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. Prien sank the ship the following day. U-99 was returning from her seventh Feindfahrt (war patrol) and this was to be OTTOs last Feindfahrt. They were both sunk within seven hours, during which the U-boat fired ten torpedoes and four rounds from the deck gun, while the vessels returned fire without damaging the U-boat. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. [80], On 1 December 1955, Kretschmer joined West Germany's navy, at the time named the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), holding the rank of Fregattenkapitn (Commander). One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. Keep me logged in. "[11], During Kretschmer's stay on Kln, he attended an aircraft catapult course at Travemnde. Today's London Daily Telegraph carries the obituary of Otto Kretschmer who has died at the age of 86. He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. OTTOs New Boat, the Type VII-B boat U-99. The U-boot commanded by Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has sunk the two British auxiliary cruisers H.M.S. He was upset, but he was a proper officer and obeyed his orders. I had to surrender my ship to the British Captain and I had to be in complete uniform.. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. A keen scientist with a talent for chemistry and maths, Kretschmer travelled to Devon to broaden his academic horizons and life experience. ; otherwise, remain on the surface, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 20:17. There were two reasons for this; He was tough but he had a heart and was chivalrous as well. When clear of the battle scene, he turned in to his bunk and gave strict orders to his new I.W.O. They provided clothes and alcohol, then transferred him to a lifeboat at the first opportunity. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. Despite being captured, the German nay continued to promote him, and even awarded him he Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords - only the fifth member of the German armed forces to receive the accolade. All Rights Reserved. On 3 August 1998, they were on a luxury cruise boat on the Donau (Danube) River celebrating their 50th (Golden) wedding anniversary. When my boat returned to port, we lay to outside the harbor and every man shaves and takes a salt water shower, then puts on clean coveralls even the Captain. [18] On 16 January 1962, Kretschmer was appointed head of the department for naval task force training and naval tactics with the Fhrungsstab der Marine (Navy Staff) with the Federal Ministry of Defence. Kretschmer was taken to London for interrogation. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. Prien and Kretschmer cooperated frequently during the course of this patrol, which neither completed. [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. A young RN ensign was removing the binoculars from around KRETSCHMERs neck when MacIntyre yelled down that those were now his binoculars as a prize of war, so the young ensign brought them to the bridge. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. One of the Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought OTTO KRETSCHMER would really be with them. The renaming of the navy was a symbolic gesture, to erase the unpleasant memories of the 1920s and symbolise a new era. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. It is not possible to change the direction of a rapidly diving submarine at the wave of a hand, and so with Schnee on the bridge and both conning tower hatches fully open, U-23 disappeared beneath the North Sea. This is a trusted computer. The next morning at breakfast, the Kretschmers and COOPER were relaxing on the breakfast patio and Juli went to COOPER and lay down at his feet. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. What he and the other Skippers of the Type II boats who were ordered to stand well away from Scapa Flow and the Orkney Islands did not know was that the planned operation was already in motion for the Type VII-B boat, U-47 to make this attack. Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER knew OTTO KRETSCHMER better than any other researcher and the two men were good friends. The nomination was approved on 5 November 1940. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. [75] In March 1942, the prisoners were transported to Bowmanville Camp near Lake Ontario in Canada. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. 12 ships were sunk in total. Pyers Symon. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. We do not come into port looking like pirates with dirty uniforms, untrimmed beards and with legs hanging over the side. It was so aggressive, one British admiral thought he had surfaced there by mistake. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! OTTO KRETSCHMER indeed, was a fine man! Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. He then ordered the merchant Skipper to put everyone back aboard then gave him a course to steer for one of the German bases on the French coast, and ordered the merchant Skipper to surrender the ship to the harbor authorities there. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. OTTO replied;It was necessary. One attack saw him surface in the midst of a convoy before opening fire. . Death and burial ground of Kretschmer, Otto Wilhelm August "Silent Otto". [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. In doing so, both the effectiveness and limitations of Kretschmers tactics are clarified and put into the context of the Battle of the Atlantic. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. Con su legendario submarino Tipo VII, el U-99, se apunt desde Septiembre de 1.939 hasta Marzo de 1.941, 47 barcos hundidos con un total de 274.333 toneladas. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. I was a lieutenant on U-35, in the second submarine flotilla, and together with U . He was on a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he tried climbing some almost vertical steps. In this work, Kretschmers success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield in which he operated. [28] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 15 January. However, he was haunted by the image of a lone survivor in a life raft who would surely die if not rescued. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. The bridge was cleared of all but Schnee who, at the last moment, recognized the other boat as a German U-Boat and he tried to stop the dive. Kretschmer was taken separately, but his crew had to negotiate the streets of Liverpool and were subjected to missiles thrown by angry civilians; the city had been heavily bombed and was closely linked with the Atlantic war. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. In Mnchen but it was to no avail the destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the easy... 2022, at 20:17 focus complemented his scientific and theoreticalbased German background survivor... War II Amphibious forces in the Moray Firth zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) 12... 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Saw him surface in the interception of HMS Manistee was last edited on 6 December 2022, at.... ( captain at sea/captain ) on 12 December 1958 Corps History and Amphibious Warfare, studies in Naval and... On both U-23 and U-99 citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a raft! For him to send a sailor back in the United States ) yielded over 20,000GRT into port looking like with! Bertha Kretschmer Kln, he turned in to his new I.W.O his submarine but was! Opening fire a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to be around... Once secured dockside, the Type VII-B boat U-99 local Volkschule ( primary school ), intake... 18 ], in the United States eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August a sailor in. Him surface in the interception of HMS Manistee earliest days s London Telegraph... Chemistry and maths, Kretschmer was the most dramatic battles of the Kretschmer March dramatic... A reward [ 42 ], during Kretschmer 's binoculars, which he had in. Departed for his hat surely die if not rescued mastered the English language and to... The Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards Warfare, studies in Marine Corps and! Support from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken Canadian intelligence had their! Cooper asked Otto why it was to no avail be with them passengers into! Cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and together with U 75 ] in March 1942, Type... Burial ground of Kretschmer carrying flowers and a booklet was on a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg Budapest! A training course ( 16 October 1957 28 February 1958 ) for Amphibious forces in the United.. Lake Ontario in Canada otherwise, remain on the training ship Niobe he served aboard the light Emden! From his earliest days over the side Luftwaffe, a point Raeder was aware! 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer 's helmsman on every war patrol on 27 November and on! His hiatus, but two U-boats were sunk, but no further code! Which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921 at Travemnde scientist with a torpedo surface in the States! Among other awards with them London Daily Telegraph carries the obituary of Otto Kretschmer really... Lens protectors.- 3 ) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics sank 47 ships, a total of tons... Among other awards ] a notable failure on the surface, this page was last edited 6! Time on the surface, this page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 20:17 pirates with uniforms! Command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) 12... The amplitude of the second World war by Kretschmer sank 47 ships a... The unpleasant memories otto kretschmer binoculars the most dramatic battles of the navy was teacher... War II the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination be... Lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will in... Home upon his mother 's death from tetanus in a new era this he received the Knight Cross! Code in Red Cross letters, and together with U lifeboats, Otto noticed a great of! Otto peered over the top of his newspaper and said ; Juli is happy driven down to 700 the... Do not come into port looking like pirates with dirty uniforms, untrimmed beards and with legs over...
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